Introduction
Defining cyber espionage
Cyber espionage and international peace and security
Cyber espionage and the rules of territorial sovereignty, non-intervention and the non-use of force
Cyber espionage and diplomatic and consular law
Cyber espionage and international human rights law
Economic cyber espionage and the World Trade Organization
Cyber espionage and the existence of customary international law exceptions
Cyber espionage and the doctrines of self-defence and necessity
Conclusion.