Enlightened minds : Baron de Montesquieu and the Marquis Beccaria
Blackstone, Bentham, and beyond : proportionality and the tyranny of unnecessary punishments
America's founders and framers : disproportionate punishments and the necessity-for-punishment maxim
The parsimony principle : the sentencing guidelines and the French connection
"Evolving standards of decency" : the U.S. Constitution's Eighth Amendment
The times they are a-changin : unusual punishments and the shifting nature of necessity
American criminal justice and needless severity : the death penalty, solitary confinement, and non-violent offenders
With liberty and justice for all : bail reform and the cruelty of unnecessary punishments.