Cover
Half Title
Title
Copyright
Dedication
Contents
List of figures
List of tables
Note on authors
Acknowledgements
Introduction: understanding sexual consumption
Reframing the debate
The economics of demand and clients as consumers
Beyond individual motivations: situational factors affecting commercial sex markets
The consumer climate
Body work and sexual services
Technology and the digital world of sex
Sexual consumption and masculinity
Introducing our surveys
UK 'Beyond the Gaze' survey
US 'Sexual Economy' survey

Who was not included in our surveys
race and the digital divide
A note on language
Outline of chapters
1 Knowledge about consumers
Thinking about clients as consumers
Existing data on prevalence and characteristics
Prevalence
Characteristics of clients
Different types of clients?
Age and life course
Violence
Consumers as perpetrators?
Conclusion: looking at social processes
2 Law, policy and politics in the UK and the US
Consuming sex: capitalism, consumption and carceral politics
The global policy landscape
neo-abolitionism
The law: US and UK

US law
UK law
How do consumers understand and react to the law?
Conclusion: how the law matters
3 Advertising and avenues of access to paid sex
The consumer journey
Advertising: physical methods
Print advertising
Word-of-mouth advertising
Street visibility
The digital world: the adult entertainment 'super highway'
Mapping the online terrain
Sex workers' safety and internet advertising
Independents
BDSM and kink
Brothels, massage parlours and walk-up flats
Escort agencies
Street work
Cross-sector marketing
How service buyers use the internet

Finding adult service providers
Browsing the internet: "window shopping" and "cruising"
Using the internet to communicate with providers
Multi-method modes of contact
What do review sites do for the community?
Limiting online advertising and US SESTA/FOSTA
Conclusion: customers online
browsing, buying and buddying
4 Who are clients and how do they buy? purchasing patterns, customer segmentation and the economics of sexual consumption
Who buys sex and how?
Overview of customers
Age
Relationship and living arrangements
Race/Ethnicity
Social attitudes

Sexual-service markets
Market choices in the UK and US surveys
Frequency or consistency of using paid sexual services
Buying sexual services and travel
Regulars
Comparing patterns among consumers
Street customers: are they unique?
Types of consumers in the US
Experimenters
Frequent generalists
Frequent Online Loyalists
Legal Brothel Loyalists
Types of consumers in the UK
Online clients
General clients
Two typologies in dialogue
The life course and cohort effects
Services, finances and risk: economics of sexual-service buying
Services