Part I: Foundational Issues. 1. Defining Treaties / Duncan B. Hollis
2. Current Theorizations about the Treaty in International Law / Jean d'Aspremont
3. Alternatives to Treaty-​Making-​Informal Agreements / Timothy Meyer
4. Compliance or Effectiveness? Assessing the Reach (and Limits) of Treaty-​Making / Lisa L. Martin
Part II: The Treaty-​Makers. 5. Who Can Make Treaties? International Organizations / Olufemi Elias

6. Who Can Make Treaties? The European Union / Marise Cremona
7. Who Can Make Treaties? Other Subjects of International Law / Tom Grant
8. NGOs in International Treaty-​Making / Kal Raustiala
Part III: Treaty Formation. 9. Making the Treaty / Carlos Ivan Fuentes and Santiago Villalpando
10. Provisional Application of Treaties / Danae Azaria
11. Managing the Process of Treaty Formation: Depositaries and Registration / Arancha Hinojal-Oyarbide
12. Treaty Reservations / Edward T Swaine
Part IV: Treaty Application. 13. The Relationship(s) between Treaties and Territory / Syméon Karagiannis
14. Treaty Amendments / Jutta Brunnée
15. Domestic Application of Treaties / David L Sloss
16. State Succession in Respect of Treaty Relationships / Gerhard Hafner and Gregor Novak
17. Treaty Bodies and Regimes / Geir Ulfstein

18. Treaty Conflicts and Systemic Fragmentation / Christopher J Borgen
Part V: Treaty Interpretation. 19. The Vienna Convention Rules on Treaty Interpretation / Richard Gardiner
20. The Interpretation of Treaties over Time / Eirik Bjorge and Robert Kolb
21. Specialized Rules of Treaty Interpretation: Human Rights / Başak Çali
22. Specialized Rules of Treaty Interpretation: International Organizations / Catherine Brölmann
Part VI: Avoiding or Exiting Treaty Commitments. 23. The Validity and Invalidity of Treaties / Jan Klabbers
24. Reacting against Treaty Breaches / Bruno Simma and Christian J Tams
25. Exceptional Circumstances and Treaty Commitments / Malgosia Fitzmaurice
26. Terminating Treaties / Laurence R Helfer
Part VII: Treaty Clauses and Instruments.

Initial Decisions on Treaty-​Making. 1. Distinguishing Treaties from Political Commitments
2. Object and Purpose
3. Participation Conditions for States
4. Participation Conditions for Non-​State Actors
5. NGO Involvement
Conditions on Joining a Treaty. 6. Consent to be Bound
7. Reservations
8. Declarations and Notifications
Constituting the Treaty and its Dissemination. 9. Languages
10. Annexes
11. Entry into Force
12. The Depositary
Applying the Treaty. 13. Provisional Application
14. Territorial and Extraterritorial Application

15. Federal States
16. Third Party Rights and Obligations
17. Relationships to Other Treaties
18. Derogations
19. Dispute Settlement
Amendments. 20. Standard Amendment Procedures
21. Simplified Amendment Procedures
The End of Treaty Relations. 22. Withdrawal or Denunciation
23. Suspension
24. Duration and Termination
Index