Text of Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 23. Class Actions
Introduction
Evolution and overview of federal court class actions
Class certification requirements: threshold requirements and Rule 23(a)
Class certification requirements: Rule 23(b)
Litigating a class action
Notice, opt-out rights, and communications with class members
Multi-jurisdictional and state court class actions
Special civil procedure issues
Resolution and funding of class actions
Appellate review
Special focus on mass tort, employment discrimination, and securities fraud class actions
Defendant class actions, derivative suits, and suits involving unincorporated associations
Ethical issues in class actions
Multidistrict litigation
Non-class aggregation devices under the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure
Other aggregation and coordination devices in federal practice.