1. Introduction
Research questions, methodology and sources
The distinction between smuggling and trafficking
The structure of the book
2. Theoretical Frameworks on Migrant Smuggling
The business model versus the social system
Critical points and aporias
Organizational crime models of smuggling
Hierarchical organization
Network model

Network of individuals
The main characteristics of the three organizational crime models
3. Irregular Migration Towards Southern Europe
Irregular migrants arriving in Spain
Along the Atlantic Ocean route to the Canary Islands
From Morocco and Algeria to the south-east Spanish coast
Irregular migrants arriving in Italy
Along the central Mediterranean route to reach Italian territory
Smuggling organizations along the Sahara routes to Libya
Irregular migrants arriving in Greece
Along the eastern Mediterranean towards Greece

Smuggling organizations along the eastern route
A comparative analysis
4. Trafficking of Migrants for Sexual and Labour Exploitation
Estimates of victims of trafficking and official evidence
Spain
Italy
Greece
Sex market laws in Southern Europe
Different forms of prostitution
Changes to the sex market
Recruitment, transportation and insertion of victims into the new society
Sexual exploitation: foreign and national criminal players
Nigerian organized crime
Eastern European organizations
Chinese criminal organizations
Latin American organizations

Collaboration between local and foreign criminals in sexual exploitation
Severe labour exploitation and trafficking of migrants
Agriculture
Italy
Spain
Greece
Textile sector: Chinese migrants
Concluding remarks: enslavement strategy
5. In Search of Explanations
Migration policies in Southern Europe
The post-Fordism model, market deregulation and labour exploitation
Transnational organized crime
Conclusions.