Introduction
Perspectives and methodology
The concept of mandatory retirement
Mandatory retirement and the concept of ageism
Mandatory retirement and the concept of age equality
Mandatory retirement from a gerontological perspective
Mandatory retirement, the labour-market situation and demographical findings
Implications of the gerontological, demographical and statistical findings of the labour market for the analysis of mandatory retirement
Prohibition against age discrimination in human rights law
Prohibition against age discrimination in EU primary and secondary law
Prohibition against age discrimination in Norwegian and German law
Justifying direct age discrimination in the case of mandatory retirement: General considerations
Mandatory retirement in medical professions: The example of physicians
Mandatory retirement in higher education: The example of public university professors
Mandatory retirement in security-relevant professions: The example of pilots
De lege ferenda considerations
Final remarks and key findings.